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![]() ¶ó¿ìµå ½ºÇÇÄ¿ ¿ª»ç(Loudspeaker History) 1874³â ¾î´Ï½ºÆ® Áö¸à½º(Ernst W. Siemens)°¡ ÃÖÃÊ·Î ´ÙÀ̳»¹ÍÇü(dynamic) ¶Ç´Â ¹«ºù ÄÚÀÏ Æ®·£½ºµà¼(moving-coil transducer)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³°èÀ̳äÀ» ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. Áï ÀÚ±â ȸ·Î ³»¿¡ ¿øÇüÀ» ÄÚÀÏÀ» ³Ö¾î »óÇÏ ¼öÁ÷ Áøµ¿À» ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ Àü±â°¡ È帣´Â º¸À̽º ÄÚÀÏ ±â°èÀû ¿îµ¿À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ÀüÀÚ±â ÀåÄ¡·Î ƯÇã 149,797À» Ãâ¿ø 1874³â 4¿ù14ÀÏ ¹Þ¾Æ³Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ¿Àµð¿À ±â´É¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. 1876 Àüȱ⠹߸íÀÚÀÎ ¾Ë·º»ê´õ ±×·¹¾ö º§(Alexander G. Bel)ÀÌ À̰ÍÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀüÈ±â Æ¯Ç㸦 Ãâ¿øÇÏ¿´°í ¿Àµð¿À½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ½ºÇÇÄ¿¿¡ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ÀüȱâÀÇ ¼Ûȱ⿡¼ ¾òÀº ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î·Î ½ºÇÇÄ¿ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ¸¸µé°Ô µÈ´Ù. ![]() 1874 -Ernst W. Siemens was the first to describe the "dynamic" or moving-coil transducer,with a circular coil of wire in a magnetic field and supported so that it could move axially. He filed his U. S.patent application for a"magneto-electric apparatus" for "obtaining the mechanical movement of an electrical coil from electrical currents transmitted through it" on Jan. 20, 1874, and was granted patent No. 149,797 Apr. 14, 1874. However, he did not use his device for audible transmission, as did Alexander G. Bell who patented the telephone in 1876. ![]() º§ÀÌ Æ¯Ç㸦 ¹Þ¾Æ³½ ÈÄ Áö¸à½º(Siemens)»ç´Â ¹«ºù ÄÚÀÏ Æ®·£½ºµà¼ÀÇ À½Ç⠹ݻ翡 µû¸£´Â ºñÀÚ±âÇü ¾çÀÇ °¡Á×À¸·Î ¸¸µç ¾çÇÇÁö Áøµ¿ÆÇ(nonmagnetic parchment diaphragm)À¸·Î 1877³â 12¿ù 14ÀÏ¿¡ ƯÇ㸦 ¹Þ¾Æ³Â´Ù. ÀÌ Áøµ¿ÆÇÀº ÄÜ ÇüÅ·Π¸¶Ä¡ Æ®·³ÆêÀÇ ÀÔ±¸¿Í °°Àº ÇüÅÂÀÇ ³ªÆÈ²É ¸ð¾ç(morning glory)À» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶µµ À̰ÍÀÌ Ã¹ ¹øÂ°·Î ¸¸µç È¥Çü ½ºÇÇÄ¿·Î ¾îÄí½ºÆ½ Æ÷³ë±×·¡ÇÇ À¯¼º±â¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â 1878³â 7¿ù30ÀÏ¿¡ µ¶ÀÏ Æ¯Çãµµ ¹Þ¾Æ³Â°í ÀÌ¿©¼ µ¿³â¿¡ ¿µ±¹ ÂÊ¿¡µµ ƯÇã 4685¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ³Â´Ù. After Bell's patent was granted, Siemens applied for German patent No. 2355, filed Dec. 14, 1877, for a nonmagnetic parchment diaphragm as the sound radiator of a moving-coil transducer. The diaphragm could take the form of a cone, with an exponentially flaring "morning glory" trumpet form. This is the first patent for the loudspeaker horn that would be used on most phonographs players in the acoustic era. His German patent was granted July 30, 1878 and his British patent No. 4685 was granted Feb. 1, 1878. ![]() 1898³â ¿Ã¸®¹ö ·ÎÁö(Oliver Lodge)´Â ¹«ºù ÄÚÀÏ Æ®·£½ºµà¼ÀÇ ³»¿ÜºÎ Ç® °¸(air gap)À» À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ºñÀÚ±âÇü ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ¿ë °³¼±µÈ ½ºÇÇÄ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ¯Çã(9712)¸¦ 4¿ù 27ÀÏ¿¡ ¿µ±¹¿¡ Ãâ¿øÇß´Ù. ÀÌ Æ¯Çã ±â¼úÀº ±×ÀÌ À̸§À» ¾Ë·ÁÁØ ´ç½Ã À¯¸íÇÑ ¶óµð¿À Æ©³Ê¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ±×°¡ ¸¸µç ½ºÇÇÄ¿ ¸ðµ¨Àº »ç¿ìÁî Ä˽ÌÅæ(South Kensington) °úÇÐ ¹Ú¹°°ü¿¡ Àü½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¦Ç°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çÁøÀº 1927³â 12¿ù 21ÀÏÀÚ ¿ÍÀ̾½º ¿ùµå(Wireless World)¿¡ ½Ç·Á ±â»ç¿Í ÇÔ²² Ãâ¹Ý µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô °³¼±µÈ ÈÄ¿¡ ¸¶±×³×º¹½º(Magnavox)»çÀÇ ÇÁ¸®µåÇÜ(Pridham)°ú Àü¼¾(Jensen)ÀÌ Æ¯Çã 1448,279)·Î Ãâ¿ø 1923³â¿¡ ¹Þ¾Æ³Â´Ù. 1898 -Oliver Lodge filed for British patent No. 9712 on Apr. 27,1898, for an improved loudspeaker with nonmagnetic spacers to keep the air gap between the inner and outer poles of a moving coil transducer. This was the same year he applied for a patent on his famous radio tuner. A model of his loudspeaker is in the British Science Museum in South Kensington, and a photo was published in Wireless World Dec. 21, 1927. This improvement was later claimed by Pridham and Jensen in the Magnavox application for patent No. 1,448,279 filed Apr. 28, 1920, and granted Mar. 13, 1923.
1901³â Á¸ ½ºÆ®·Î(John Stroh)°¡ ÃÖÃÊ·Î Á¾ÀÌ ÀçÁúÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ¸¸µç ÄÜ ÆäÀÌÆÛ Áøµ¿ÆÇÀ» °³¹ßÇß´Ù. ÀÌ Áøµ¿ÆÇÀÇ ´Ü¸éÀÌ ÄÚ¸£ÄÉÀ̼Ç(corrugations)À» Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â ¿¡Áö ºÎºÐ±îÁö ÆòźÇÑ ÀÏÁ÷¼±À̾ú°í ¿µ±¹ ƯÇã 3393À» 1901³â 2¿ù 16ÀÏ Ãâ¿ø 1901³â 12¿ù 14ÀÏ¿¡ ¹Þ¾Æ³Â´Ù. 1901 John Stroh first described the conical paper diaphragm that terminated at the rim of the speaker in a section that was flat except for corrugations, filed for the British patent No. 3393 on Feb. 16, 1901, granted Dec. 14, 1901. 1908³â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¾ÈÅæ Ç®¶ô(Anton Pollak)Àº À¯´Ö¿¡¼ º¸À̽º ÄÚÀÏÀ» ¼¾ÅÍ ÂÊ¿¡ ºÎÂø½Ã۱â À§ÇÑ ¡°voice-coil centering spider¡± °í¾È ¹Ì±¹ ƯÇã 939,625¸¦ 1908³â 8¿ù7ÀÏÀÚ·Î Ãâ¿øÇß°í ´ÙÀ½ÇØÀÎ 1909³â 11¿ù 9ÀÏÀڷΠƯÇ㸦 ÃëµæÇß´Ù. 1911³â ¹Ì±¹ ͏®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÁÖ ³ªÆÄ¿¡¼ ¿¡µåÀ© S .ÇÁ¸®µåÇÜ(Edwin S. Pridham)°ú ÇÇÅÍ L Á¨¼¾(Peter L. JensenÀº ¸¶±×³×º¹½º¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥ ¹«ºù ÄÚÀÏÇü ½ºÇÇÄ¿¸¦ °³¹ßÇß°í 1919³â »÷µð¾Æ°íÀÇ Woodrow WilsonÀÌ À̰ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. 1908 - Anton Pollak improved the moving-coil loudspeaker with a voice-coil centering spider, filed for U.S. patent No. 939,625 on Aug. 7, 1908, granted Nov. 9, 1909. 1911 - Edwin S. Pridham and Peter L. Jensen in Napa, California, invented a moving-coil loudspeaker they called the "Magnavox" that was used by Woodrow Wilson in San Diego in 1919 1915³â º§¿¬±¸¼Ò¿¡ ±Ù¹«Çϰí ÀÖ´ø ÇØ·Ñµå ¾Æ³îµå(Harold Arnold)°¡ À¯¼º±âÀÇ ³ìÀ½¹æ½ÄÀ» °³¼±Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ù ¹øÂ°·Î´Â »õ·Î¿î Áø°ø°üÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Àü±â½Ä ¾ÚÇø®ÆÄÀ̾îÀÇ °³¹ß µÎ ¹øÂ°·Î´Â ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·ÎÆù, ¼¼ ¹øÂ°·Î´Â PA¸¦ À§ÇÑ °³¼±µÈ ÀÏÁ¾¿¡ UÀÚÇü ŸÀÔÀÇ "balanced armature" ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³¹ß¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇß´Ù. 1Â÷ ´ëÀüÈÄ 1925³â ¸Æ½ºÇʵå(J. P. Maxfield)ÀÇ ÁÖµµ·Î À¢Æ®(E. C. Wente)°¡ ¹«ºù ÄÚÀÏ ½ºÇÇÄ¿¸¦ °³¹ßÇÏ¿´°í 1925³â¿¡´Â ¼öÁ÷Çü À¯¼º±â, 1926³â¿¡´Â ±× À¯¸íÇÑ ºñŸÆù(Vitaphone)¹æ½ÄÀÌ ¿µÈ Á¦ÀÛ¿¡ µµÀԵǾú´Ù. 1915 - Harold Arnold began program at Bell Labs to improve phonographic sound recording. The first priority was the electronic amplifier using the new vacuum tube, second was the microphone, and third was the loudspeaker that would improve the "balanced armature" units developed for public address. After WWI, J. P. Maxfield led this project that produced E. C. Wente's moving coil speaker by 1925, the Orthophonic phonographic player by 1925, and Vitaphone talking motion pictures by 1926. 1918³â Ç À̰ÅÅæÀº(Henry Egerton)Àº "balanced armature" ¹æ½Ä ¶ó¿ìµå ½ºÇÇÄ¿¿¡ °üÇÑ Æ¯Ç㸦 µ¿³â 1¿ù8ÀÏ¿¡ Ãâ¿øÇß°í 1922³â 10¿ù 6ÀÏ º§¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ N. H. ¸®Ä¿(N. H. Ricker)°¡ 540AW ½ºÇÇÄ¿¸¦ °³¹ßÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. 1924³â ÀÌ ±â¼ú·Î ¸¸µç ¸ðµ¨ 540 ½ºÇÇÄ¿°¡ ÆÇ¸ÅµÇ¾ú´Ù. N. H. ¸®Ä¿±â ¸¸µç ½ºÇÇÄ¿ ±â¼úÀº Å丶½º ¿ÍÆ®½¼(Thomas Watson)ÀÌ Æ¯Çã·Î 1882³â 10¿ù 6ÀÏÀÚ·Î ¹Þ¾Æ³½ balanced armature¹æ½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Àüȱ⿡ °üÇÑ Æ¯Ç㸦 ÂüÁ¶ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î Áö¸à½º(Siemens)¿Í ÇÁ·©Å© ݽº(Frank Capps)°¡ °³¹ßÇÑ ÀåÄ¡¿Íµµ Èí»çÇß´Ù. 1925³â Grebe ¶óµð¿À ¼ö½Å±â¿Í 1924³â ¿þ½ºÅÏ ÀÏ·ºÆ®¸¯»ç°¡ ³»³õÀº ¸ðµ¨ 540 ½ºÇÇÄ¿°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 1918 - Henry Egerton on 1918/01/08 filed patent for balanced-armature loudspeaker, used in the Bell Labs No. 540AW speakers developed by N. H. Ricker Oct. 6, 1922, that became the 540 commercial speaker by 1924; was based on the balanced armature telephone patent of Thomas Watson granted Oct. 24, 1882, similar to devices also developed by Siemens and Frank Capps. 1925 Grebe radio receiver and 1924 Western Electric 540 speaker (NMAH) 1921³â Æ÷³×Æ®·Ð(Phonetron)ÀÌ C. L. ÆÄ·£µå(C. L.Farrand)°¡ 4¿ù 23ÀÏÀÚ·Î ¹Þ¾Æ³½ ½ºÇÇÄ¿¿¡ °üÇÑ Æ¯Çã1,847,935·Î ¸¸µç ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÄÚÀÏ Áøµ¿ ¹æ½ÄÀÇ ´ÙÀÌ·ºÆ® ¶óµð¿¡ÀÌÅÍ(direct-radiator)¼³°è ½ºÇÇÄ¿¸¦ ¹Ì±¹ ½ÃÀå¿¡ ÆÇ¸ÅµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Á¦Ç°Àº Ź»ó¿ë ¶óµð¿À ¸®½Ã¹ö¿¡ È¥À» ºÎÂøÇÑ Á¦Ç°°ú °æÀïÇß´Ù. 1923³â º¸À̽º ÄÚÀÏ Áøµ¿ÆÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ¸¸µç °ÅÀ§¸ñ(gooseneck) µðÀÚÀÎ Á¦Ç°ÀÎ Æ®·ÎÆù(Thorophone) ½ºÇÇÄ¿°¡ ¼±º¸¾ú´Ù. ![]() 1921-The Phonetron based on patent No. 1,847,935 filed Apr. 23, 1921, by C. L. Farrand, was the first coil-driven direct-radiator loudspeaker to be sold in the U.S. and was well-received, competing with the horns used by table radios. 1923 The Thorophone was a gooseneck loudspeaker with a voice-coil driver. ![]() 1925³â Á¦³Ê·² ÀÏ·ºÆ®¸¯»çÀÇ Ã¼½º´Ù W ¶óÀ̽º¿Í ¿¡µå¿öµå W. °Ö·Î±× 2»ç¶÷Àº ¹èÇÿ¡ ÀåÂøÇØ ÆòźÇÑ ÁßÀ½´ë¿ªÀ» Àç»ý ½ÃÄÑ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ¼ÒÇü ÄÚÀÏ·Î ¸¸µç Áøµ¿ÆÇÀ» ¿¬°áÇÑ ´ÙÀÌ·ºÆ® ¶óµð¿¡ÀÌÅÍ ½ºÇÇÄ¿ÀÇ ±âº» ¿ø¸®¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ´ãÀº Áß¿äÇÑ ¿¬±¸ ³í¹®À» ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. ÇÑÆí º§¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ ¿¡µå¿öµå À¢Æ®(Edward Wente)µµ µ¶ÀÚÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¿ø¸®¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í Æ¯Çã 1,812,389¸¦ 1925³â 4¿ù1ÀÏÀÚ·Î Ãâ¿ø 1931³â 6¿ù30ÀÏÀÚ·Î ¹Þ¾Æ³Â´Ù. ü½º´Ù W ¶óÀ̽º¿Í ¿¡µå¿öµå W. °Ö·Î±× ³í¹®¿¡´Â ¾ÚÇø®ÆÄÀ̾ ´ëÇÑ ¼³°è¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ëµµ ´ã°í Àִµ¥ ½ºÇÇÄ¿¿¡ Àü´ÞÇÒ ¾ÚÇø®ÆÄÀ̾îÀÇ ÆÄ¿ö Áõ°°ú °ü·ÃÇÑ Áß¿äÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. 1926³â RCA»ç¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ ¼³°è ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î Á÷·ù Àü¿øÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ µ¿»çÀÇ ¶óµð¿Ã¶ó ¶óÀÎ(Radiola line) Á¦Ç°¿¡ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ![]() 1925 - The research paper of Chester W. Rice and Edward W. Kellogg at General Electric was important in establishing the basic principle of the direct-radiator loudspeaker with a small coil-driven mass-controlled diaphragm in a baffle with a broad midfrequency range of uniform response. Edward Wente at Bell Labs had independently discovered this same principle, filed patent No. 1,812,389 Apr. 1, 1925, granted June 30, 1931. The Rice-Kellogg paper also published an amplifier design that was important in boosting the power transmitted to loudspeakers. In 1926, RCA used this design in the Radiola line of a.c. powered radios. ![]() 1925³â ºòŸ(Victor)»ç¿¡¼ ¸¸µç ¾îÄí½ºÆ½ Æ÷³ë±×·¡ÇÇ ¿À¼ÒÆ÷´Ð(Orthophonic)À¯¼º±â Ç÷¹À̾î´Â Á¢À» ¼ö Àִ ȥÇü µðÀÚÀÎÀÇ ½ºÇÇÄ¿¸¦ ³»³õ¾Ò´Âµ¥ ÀÌ Á¦Ç°Àº ÈÄ¿¡ ¹Ì±¹ ½ºÇÇÄ¿ Àü¹® ¸ÞÀÌÄ¿·Î À¯¸íÇÑ Å¬¸³½¬(Klipsch)»ç°¡ ÇÏÀÌÆÄÀÌ Á¦Ç°¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëÇß´Ù. ÀÌ Á¦Ç°À» °³¹ßÇØ ³»³õÀº Áö 1³âµµ µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ºê·é½ºÀ¨ ¹úÅ© ÄÝ·£´õ ȸ»ç(Brunswick Balke Collender Co)¿¡¼ ÆÇ¸ÅÇÏ´ø ºê·é½ºÀ¨ ÆÄ³ªÆ®·ÎÇÁ(Brunswick Panatrope) ó·³ ÀÏ·ºÆ®¸¯Äà ÇȾ÷, Áø°ø°ü ¾ÚÇø®ÆÄÀÌ¾î ±×¸®°í ¹«ºù ÄÚÀÏÇü ½ºÇÇÄ¿¿Í °áÇÕµÈ ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½ÄÀÇ À¯¼º±âµé°ú °æÀïÀ» ¹ú¸®°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1925-Victor Orthophonic acoustic phonograph player had a folded exponential horn that was later used as model for the Klipsch speaker of the hi-fi era. Within a year, the Orthophonic faced competition from all-electric phonographs with an electro mechanical pickup, vacuum-tube amplifier, and moving-coil loudspeaker, such as the Brunswick Panatrope sold by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company. AT&TÀÇ Vitaphone 555-W 1926³â ¿µÈ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´ø ºñŸÆù(Vitaphone)¼¶ó¿îµå ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº º§¿¬±¸¼Ò¿¡¼ °³¹ßÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ½ºÇÇÄ¿¿´´Ù. µ¿»çÀÇ ±â¼úÀÚÀÎ À¢Æ®(Wente)¿Í Æ©¶ó(Thuras)°¡ °³¹ßÇÑ ÀÌ Á¦Ç°Àº 1¡° ±¸°æÀ» °®Ãá È¥°ú 40 ½ºÄù¾î ÇÇÆ®ÀÇ ¿þ½ºÆ° ÀÏ·ºÆ®¸¯ 555-W µå¶óÀ̺ê. ÀÌ Á¦Ç°ÀÇ Àç»ý Á֯ļö ´ë¿ªÀº 100-5000Hz·Î ¼³°èµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú°í È¿À²Àº 25%À» °®Ãá Á¦Ç°ÀÌ´Ù. (ÇöÀç Á¦ÀÛµÇ¾î ¼Ò°³µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â Á¦Ç°ÀÇ È¿À²Àº 1% ³»¿Ü)À̰ÍÀº ´ç½Ã »ç¿ëÇÒ ¾ÚÇø®ÆÄÀ̾îÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀÌ 10¿ÍÆ® Á¤µµ Àú Ãâ·Â ÀÌ¿©¼ À̸¦ ±âÁØÇؼ ¼³°è µÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¸ðµ¨ 205-D ¾ÚÇø®ÆÄÀ̾ ä¿ëÇß´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀü¿¡ ½ºÇÇÄ¿´Â ¹ë·±½º Áøµ¿°èÇüÀ̾úÀ¸³ª »õ·Ó°Ô °³¹ßµÈ Vitaphone¿¡´Â 555-W´Â ¹«ºù ÄÚÀÏÇüÀ» äÅà ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ![]() 1926 - Vitaphone sound system for motion pictures used a new speaker developed at Bell Labs. Wente and Thuras designed the Western Electric 555-W speaker driver that was coupled with a horn having a 1-in. throat and a 40-sq. ft. mouth; it was capable of 100-5000 hz freq. range with an efficiency of 25% (compared to 1% today) needed due to low amp power of 10 watts. The power amps were 205-D. Older loudspeakers were balanced armature type, but the newer 555-W speakers of the Vitaphone were moving coil type. 1928³â Ç㸸 J ÆØ°Å(Herman J. Fanger)°¡ 1928³â 9¿ù25ÀÏ Ãâ¿øÇÑ Æ¯Çã 1,895, 071Àº 1933³â 1¿ù 24ÀÏ¿¡ ¹Þ¾Æ³Â´Âµ¥ ÀÌ´Â Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø ºÁ¿Í °°ÀÌ µ¿ÃàÇü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¼ÒÇüÀÇ °íÀ½¿ë È¥À» Áøµ¿ÆÇÀÇ ³Ø ºÎÀ§(¾ÈÂÊ)¶Ç´Â Àü¸é¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô Çϱâ À§Çؼ´Â Á߽ɿ¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ÄÜÀº °í¿ª Àç»ýÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© °¡º¿ì¸é¼µµ ´Ü´ÜÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé°í ¿Ü°¢ÀÇ ÄÜÀº Àú ¿ª Àç»ýÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© À¯¿¬Çϸ鼵µ ¸ð³ªÁö ¾Ê°Ô²û Àß ¸¸µé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 1928 - Herman J. Fanger filed patent No. 1,895,071 on Sep. 25, 1928, granted Jan. 24, 1933, that described what came to be known as the coaxial speaker, composed of a small high frequency horn with its own diaphragm nested inside or in front of a large cone loudspeaker, based on the variable-area principle that made the center cone light and stiff for high frequencies and the outer cone flexible and highly damped for lower frequencies. 1929³â ¿¡µå¿öµå W. ÄÌ·¯±×°¡ ¸¶±×³×Æ® ¶Ç´Â ÄÜ ¶Ç´Â ¹èÇà ¾øÀ̵µ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ¹æ»ç½ÃÄÑ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤Àü±â ½ºÇÇÄ¿¿¡ °üÇÑ Æ¯Çã 1,983,377À» µ¿³â 9¿ù17ÀÏ¿¡ Ãâ¿øÇßÀ¸¸ç 1934³â 12¿ù 4ÀÏÀÚ·Î ¹Þ¾Æ³Â´Ù. ÀÌ Æ¯Çã´Â ¿µ±¹¿¡¼ Çѽº º¸±×Æ®(Hans Vogt)°¡ ÃëµæÇÏ¿´°í 1957³â ¿µ±¹ Äõµå(QUAD)»çÀÇ ¼³¸³ÀÚÀÎ ÇÇÅÍ ¿þÅ©(Peter Walker)´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Æò¸éÇü µðÀÚÀÎ Á¤Àü±â ¼³°è ¹æ½ÄÀÇ ¸ðµ¨ ESL ½ºÇÇÄ¿¸¦ °³¹ßÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1929 - E. W. Kellogg filed patent No. 1,983,377 on September 17, 1929, granted December 4, 1934, that described an electrostatic speaker composed of many small sections able to radiate sound with out magnets or cones or baffles. This patent, as well as the 1932 British patents of Hans Vogt, influenced Peter Walker to build the Quad ESL flat panel speaker in 1957. 1929³â ¿þ½ºÆÃ ÇϿ콺ÀÇ ½Ã¹öÆ®(J. D. Seabert)°¡ È¥Çü ŸÀÔÀÇ ½ºÇÇÄ¿¸¦ °³¹ßÇß´Ù. ÀÌ Á¦Ç°Àº ÄÜÇü ½ºÇÇÄ¿¿¡ ºñÇØ¼ À½¼º ½ÅÈ£¸¦ Àü´ÞÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î Ź¿ùÇßÀ¸¸ç ±ØÀå ¾È¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì À½¾ÇÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸ðµç À½¿øÀ» ½Ç³» °¡µæÇÏ°Ô Ã¤¿ö ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô Çß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¡°´ÙÀÌ·º¼Ç ¹èÇÃÇü¡± È¥Àº 3 x 4 ÇÇÆ® Á¤µµ °ÍÀ» °®Ãâ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼ÒÇüÀÇ È¥À» ³Ø ºÎÀ§¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ ÇÑ °Í°ú´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù. 1929-J. D. Seabert of Westinghouse developed a horn-type loudspeaker that directed the sounds of human speech toward the audience better than cone speakers that were intended for the over-all sound including music to fill the entire theater. These "directional baffle" horns had an opening 3 ft. by 4 ft. and were different from small-throat horns. Thuras À§»ó ¹ÝÀü ƯÇã 1930³â º§¿¬±¸¼Ò ¿£Áö´Ï¾îÀÎ ¾Ë¹öÆ® L Æ©¶ó½º(Albert L. Thuras)´Â À§»ó ¹ÝÀüÇü(bass-reflex)¿¡ °üÇÑ Æ¯Çã 1,869,178À» 1930³â 8¿ù 15ÀÏÀÚ·Î Ãâ¿øÇßÀ¸¸ç 1932³â 7¿ù26ÀÏ ÀÌ ¹æ½Ä ƯÇ㸦 ¹Þ¾î³Â´Ù. ÃʱâÀÇ Ä³ºñ´Ö ¼³°è´Â ÆÐ½ÃÇÁ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î Àü¸é¿¡¼ ¹æ»çÇϵµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í ÀúÀ½ ´ë¿ªÀº ÈĸéÀÇ °³¹æ »óÅ·Π¸¸µç ÆÐ½Ãºê ¹èÇà ¹æ½ÄÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ À§»ó ¹ÝÀüÇü ÀÎŬ·ÎÁ®´Â Áøµ¿ÆÇ ÈĸéÀÇ Àú ¿ª ¼Õ½ÇÀ» ¹æÁö ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ¸¸µç °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ![]() 1930 - Albert L.Thuras filed patent No. 1,869,178 on Aug. 15, 1930, granted July 26, 1932, for the bass-reflex principle while working at Bell Labs. Early cabinets used a passive baffle to direct sound to the front, allowing the back of the cabinet to be open for the low sounds. The bass-reflex enclosure kept the low-frequency sounds from being lost from the rear of the diaphragm. 1931³â º§¿¬±¸¼Ò¿¡¼´Â 2¿þÀÌ ¹æ½ÄÀÇ ½ºÇÇÄ¿¸¦ °³¹ßÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ½ºÇÇÄ¿´Â ´ë¿ªºÐȰ ¹æ½Ä(divided range)À̶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Âµ¥ Ç ÇÁ¸®µå¸¯(H. A. Frederick)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼öÁ÷À¸·Î ·¹Äڵ带 ĿƮ ½Ã۱â À§ÇØ ±×ÇØ 12¿ù¿¡ ½Ã¿¬µÇ¾ú´Ù. °í¿ª¿¡´Â ÀÛÀº È¥À» ÀåÂøÇØ 3000~13,000Hz Àç»ýµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô Çß´Ù. ÀúÀ½ ´ë¿ª¿¡¼´Â 5dB¾È¿¡¼ 50~10,000Hz Á֯ļö¸¦ °®°Ô ÇÑ 12¡° ±¸°æÀÇ ´ÙÀ̳»¹Í ÄÜ ´ÙÀÌ·ºÆ® ¶óµð¿¡ÀÌÅÍ À¯´ÖÀ» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. 1933³â¿¡´Â 3¿þÀÌ ¹æ½ÄÀÌ °³¹ßµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç µ¿³â 4¿ù¿¡ ½Ã¿¬µÇ¾ú´Ù. À̶§´Â ¿þ½ºÅÏ ÀÏ·ºÆ®¸¯»ç ¸ðµ¨ 555¿¡ ÀåÂøµÈ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Áß¿ªÀ» Àç»ý½ÃÄÑ ÁÖ°Ô Çß´Ù. 40~300HzÀÇ Àú ¿ª Àç»ýÀ» À§ÇØ ´ëÇü ¹«ºùÄÚÀÏ ÄÜÇü Áøµ¿ÆÇÀ» ¹èÇø鿡 ÀåÂøÇÑ ÈÄ ÀÔ±¸´Â 12¡° Ãⱸ´Â 60¡±¾úÀ¸¸ç Ãѱæ ÀÌ´Â 10ÇÇÆ®¿¡ À̸£´Â È¥À» ÀåÂø½ÃÄÑ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. 3¿þÀÌ ¹æ½ÄÀº ±ØÀå¿¡¼ ¿ÍÀÌµå ·¹ÀÎÁö »ç¿îµå¸¦ ÀçÇöÇϴµ¥ ä¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. 1931 - Bell Labs developed the two-way loudspeaker, called "divided range" for the demonstration by H. A. Frederick in December of vertically cut records. The high frequencies were reproduced by a small horn with a frequency response of 3000-13,000 hz, and the low frequencies by a 12-inch dynamic cone direct-radiator unit with a frequency response within 5db from 50-10,000 hz. By 1933, a triple-range speaker had been developed for the Constitution Hall demo in April, adding Western Electric No. 555 driver units as the mid-range speaker. For the low frequency range 40-300 hz, a large moving coil-driven cone diaphragm in a large baffle expanding from a 12-in throat to a 60-inch mouth over a total length of 10 ft. This 3-way system was introduced in motion picture theaters as "Wide Range" reproduction. 1932³â RCA»ç¿¡¼´Â ±ØÀå¿ë µà¾ó ·¹ÀÎÁö ½ºÇÇÄ¿¸¦ °³¹ßÇß´Ù. 3°³ÀÇ 6¡° ±¸°æ ÄÜÇü Áøµ¿ÆÇ¿¡ ¾Ë·ç¹Ì´½ º¸À̽º ÄÚÀÏÀ» ¿ª ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ºÎÂøÇß´Ù. Á֯ļö ´ë¿ªÀº 125~8000Hz¿¡ À̸£·¶À¸¸ç 40~`125Hz ´ë¿ª Àç»ýÀ» À§Çؼ´Â 10ÇÇÆ® Å©±âÀÇ È¥À» ÀåÂøÇØ ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ![]() 1932 - RCA demonstrated a dual-range speaker of its own design for theaters, using three 6-inch cone diaphragms with aluminum voice coils in divergent directions, with a response of 125-8000 hz, and 10-ft. horns 40-125 hz. 1933³â »õ·Î¿î ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Áøº¸¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½ºÅ×·¹¿ÀÆ÷´Ð½º(stereophonic) ¹æ½ÄÀÌ °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡´Â °ø°£°¨¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© »õ·Ó°Ô ´«À» ¶ß°Ô ÇØÁÖ¾ú´Ù. 1933³â º½¿¡ ¿ö½ÌÅÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÄÁ½ºÆ¼Æ©¼ÇȦ¿¡¼ ¸¹Àº ûÁßµéÀ» ¾Õ¿¡ µÎ°í ½Ã¿¬µÇ¾ú´Ù. Çʶóµ¨ÇǾƿ¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹ÂÁ÷ ¾ÆÄɵ¥¹Ì ¿ÀÄɽºÆ®¶ó°¡ Á¿ì Áß°£ÀÇ 3°³ÀÇ ¸¶ÀÌÅ©¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© Àü¼ÛÇÑ À½¾ÇÀÌ ÄÁ½ºÆ¼Æ©¼ÇȦ¿¡ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô À§Ä¡½ÃÄÑ ³õÀº ½ºÇÇÄ¿¸¦ ÅëÇØ Èê·Á ³ª¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô Àü¼ÛµÈ À½¾ÇÀº À¢Æ® ¹Ú»ç(Dr. Wente) ¿Í Æ©¶ó½º(A. L. Thuras)°¡ Ưº°ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© °³¹ßµÈ ½ºÇÇÄ¿¸¦ ÅëÇØ Àç»ýµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ½ºÇÇÄ¿ÀÇ ¼³°è ¸ñÇ¥´Â ¿ÀÄɽºÆ®¶óÀÇ À½»öÀ» ±ÕµîÇÏ°Ô Àü´ÞÇÏ°í ºñ¼±Çü µð½ºÅä¼ÇÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç Àü ´ë¿ªÀ» ±ÕÀÏÇÏ°Ô Àç»ý½Ã۰íÀÚ ÇÔÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã¿¬À» À§ÇÏ¿© ´Ù¾çÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ È¥ÀÌ Á¦À۵Ǿú´Ù. ÀÌ °ø·Î¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤¹Þ¾Æ º§¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ À¢Æ®´Â 1936³â¿¡ ¾ÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì ¿µÈÁ¦¿¡¼ ±Ý»óÀ» ¼ö»óÇß´Ù. 1933-"Progress was such that a demonstration of the new system - called "stereophonic" because of its ability to give a spatial sense corresponding to stereoscopic vision - was given before the National Academy of Sciences and many invited guests at Constitution Hall, Washington in the spring of 1933. Transmission was Thuras theater speaker 1933, from AT&T Archives over wire lines from the Academy of Music in Philadelphia and three channels were used with microphones respectively at left, center and right of the orchestra stage and loud speakers in similar positions in Constitution Hall." This transmission of music "was carried out with special loud speakers developed for the purpose by Dr. Wente and the late A. L. Thuras. The objectives in the design of these loudspeakers were uniform response over the whole tonal range of the orchestra, an enhanced sound power output capacity without noticeable non-linear distortion and uniform distribution of the emitted sound at all frequencies throughout a wide solid angle. For the receiving unit and the multicellular horn which were developed for this demonstration, Dr. Wente, jointly with the Bell Telephone Laboratories, was awarded a gold plaque by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 1936." (Bell Labs, 1953) 1935³â MGM»çÀÇ ´õ±Û·¯½º ½¬¾î(Douglas Shearer)¿Í Á¸ È÷¶óµå(John Hilliard)´Â ±ØÀå¿ëÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÁØÇü ½ºÇÇÄ¿½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °³¹ßÇß´Ù. ºê·Îµå¿þÀÌ ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â 5000¼® ±Ô¸ðÀÇ Ä³ÇÇÅç(Capitol Theater)±ØÀå¿¡¼ ½Ã¿¬µÇ¾ú´Ù. ´ç½Ã Ä® Å×Å©(Cal Tech)¿¡ ±Ù¹«Çϰí ÀÖ´ø Á¦ÀÓ½º B ·£½Ì(James Lansing/JBL»ç ¼³¸³ÀÚ)°ú Á¸ F ºÎ·º¹ø ¹Ú»ç(Dr. John F. Blackburn)´Â 2¿þÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °³¹ßÇߴµ¥ °í¿ª Àç»ýÀ» À§ÇÑ 3¡° ±¸°æ ¾Ë·ç¹Ì´½ Áøµ¿ÆÇ°ú ³ØºÎÀ§°¡ 1.4¡± ±¸°æÀΠȥÀ» ÀåÂøÇÑ µå¶óÀ̺긦 ä¿ëÇß´Ù. ÀúÀ½ ´ë¿ªÀ» NLÇØ¼´Â 15¡° ±¸°æ ÄÜÇü µå¶óÀ̺긦 ¹èÇø鿡 ÀåÂøÇß´Ù. ERPI´Â Ç÷¹Ã³(Fletcher)ÀÇ ÇÏÀÌÆÄÀÌ ½ÃÇè¿ë ½ºÇÇÄ¿¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÏ¿© ½ºÇÇÄ¿ ¼³°è¸¦ µµ¿Ô´Ù. Àú ¿ª Àç»ýÀ» À§Çؼ´Â Á¦ÀÓ½º ·£½ÌÀÌ ¸¸µç 15¡± ÄÜÇü µå¶óÀ̺ê¿Í ´Ù¾çÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ ´ÙÁß È¥(multicell horns)À» ÀåÂøÇÑ ·£½ÌÀÇ 284 µå¶óÀ̺긦 ä¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ·Î¹Ì¿À¿Í ÁÖ¸®¿§ °³ºÀ¿¡ ¸ÂÃÄ 12°³ ±ØÀå¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ¿¡µµ ¸ðµç ±ØÀå¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ¾ÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì ¿µÈÁ¦¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Ç¥ÁØ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î ¼±Á¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾ËÅØ(Altec)»çÀÇ ±ØÀå¿ë ½ºÇÇÄ¿ÀÎ ¸ðµ¨ A-7 ¡°Voice of the Theatre¡±´Â 1961³â 12¿ù ¿Àµð¿À ÀâÁö¿¡ ¼Ò°³µÇ¾ú´Ù. ![]() 1935 - Douglas Shearer and John Hilliard at MGM developed a standard theater speaker system, starting with the Loews 5000-seat Capitol Theater on Broadway. James Lansing and Dr. John F. Blackburn of Cal Tech designed a 2-way speaker system; the high frequency driver had a 3-inch aluminum diaphragm and throat size of 1.4 inches; the low frequency baffled cone unit was 15 inches. ERPI provided speakers from Fletcher's hi-fi experimental equipment to help design the speakers. The low frequency horn used four 15-in. Lansing cone drivers and Lansing 284 drivers for multicell horns of different sizes. The system was installed in 12 theaters for the opening of "Romeo and Juliet" with Norma Shearer, sister of Douglas, Altec A-7 Voice of the Theatre, from Audio, Dec. 1961 then installed in all Loews Theaters, then became the standard established by the Academy. ![]() 1940³â È¥ ½ºÇÇÄ¿ ¼³°è·Î À¯¸íÇÑ Æú W Ŭ¸³½¬(Paul W. Klipsch)´Â ÄÚ³Ê È¥ ½ºÇÇÄ¿½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °³¹ß 1940³â 2¿ù 5ÀÏ 2,310,243 ƯÇ㸦 Ãâ¿øÇÏ¿´°í 1943³â 2¿ù9ÀÏ ÃëµæÇß´Ù. 1941³â¿¡´Â ¹Ì±¹ ¾ËÅØ ·£½Ì(Altec Lansing)´Â °æ¿µÀÌ ¾î·Á¿üµç Á¦ÀÓ½º B ·£½ÌÀÌ ¿î¿ëÇÏ´ø ȸ»ç¸¦ ÀμöÇß´Ù. 1938³â ERPI»ç ÆÄ»êÀÌÈÄ ÄÁ·Î(M. Conroe)¿Í Á¶Áö ij¸µÅæ(George Carrington)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ËÅØ ¼ºñ½º»ç°¡ ¼³¸³µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ´Â "All Techical Corp"¿¡¼ µû¿Â »óÈ£·Î ¸ðµç ¿£Áö´Ï¾îÀÇ ¸ðÀÓ Ã¼¶ó°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µ¿»ç´Â ±× µ¿¾È ERPI»ç°¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇØ ³õÀº ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» Àü´ãÇÏ¿© º¸¼öÇØ ÁÖ´Â ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸³µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1943³â ¾ËÅØ ·£½Ì »ç¿¡¼ ±Ù¹«Çß´ø Á¸ Èú¶óµå(John Hilliard)°¡ Àڱ⠰øÁß ºÎ¾ç ÀåÄ¡¸¦ °³¹ß °³¼±ÇÑ È¥°ú ¸¶±×³×Æ® µå¶óÀ̺긦 ÀÌ¿ë 1945³â ¡°º¸À̽º ¿Àºê ¾¾¾î´Ù¡±(Voice of the Theater)¶õ 2¿þÀÌ ¹æ½Ä ½ºÇÇÄ¿½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °³¹ß ½ÃÆÇÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ![]() 1940 - Paul W. Klipsch filed patent No. 2,310,243 on Feb. 5, 1940, granted Feb. 9, 1943, for the corner horn speaker. 1941 - Altec Lansing Corp. was formed when Altec bought Lansing; Altec Service Corp. (from "all technical") had been formed in 1938 by M. Conroe and George Carrington to manage ERPI installations after ERPI was dissolved. John Hilliard worked at Altec Lansing in 1943 on magnetic airborne sub detection and in 1945 put on the market the 2-way "Voice of the Theater" speaker system with improved horns and magnet drivers. ![]() Áø°ø°ü ¾ÚÇø®ÆÄÀ̾î·Î ¿ì¸® ³ª¶ó ½ÃÀå¿¡¼µµ Àα⸦ ²ø¾ú´ø ÇǼÅ(Fisher)»çÀÇ ¼³¸³ÀÚ ¿¡¹ö¸® ÇǼÅ(Avery Fisher)´Â 9°³ Áø°ø°üÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ ¾ÚÇø®ÆÄÀ̾î¿Í µ¿ÃàÇü ½ºÇÇÄ¿½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» 1946³â 10¿ù FortuneÁö¿¡ ¼Ò°³Çß´Ù. 1949³â º§¿¬±¸¼Ò ÄÛ(W. E. Kock)°ú ÇϺ£ÀÌ(F. K. Harvey)°¡ À½Çâ ·»Á °³¹ß JAES¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. ÀÌ À½Çâ·»½º´Â Á¦ÀÓ½º ·£½ÌÀÌ ±ØÀå¿ë ½ºÇÇÄ¿½Ã½ºÅÛ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´°í ÀÌÈÄ °¡Á¤¿ë ÇÏÀÌÆÄÀÌ¿ë ½ºÇÇÄ¿¿¡µµ »ç¿ëµÇ°íÀÖ´Ù. Avery Fisher with 9-tube amp and coaxial speaker, from Fortune, Oct. 1946. 1949 - W. E. Kock and F. K. Harvey at Bell Labs developed the acoustical lens, and reported findings in 1949 JAES. These lenses are used in James B. Lansing theater speakers and home hi-fi speakers ![]() 1953³â ¾î¼ Àܽ¼(Arthur Janszen)Àº Á¤Àü±â¿ë °íÁÖÆÄ ½ºÇÇÄ¿ÀÎ ÀÏ·ºÆ®·Î½ºÅÂÆ½ ÇÏÀÌÇÁ¸®Äö½Ã(electrostatic high-frequency)¿¡ °üÇÑ Æ¯Çã 2,631,196À» 1953³â 3¿ù 10ÀÏ¿¡ Ãâ¿øÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1954³â ¹Ì±¹ AR(Acoustic Research)»ç¿¡¼ ºÏ ¼¿ÇÁ ŸÀÔÀÎ ¼ÒÇüÀÇ ¸ðµ¨ AR-1À» ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. µ¿»çÀÇ °øµ¿ ¼³¸³ÀÚÀÎ ¿¡µå°¡ ºôó(Edgar Villchur)°¡ °³¹ßÇÑ À½Çâ ¼½ºÆæ¼ÇÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¼ÒÇü ½ºÇÇÄ¿½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ´Ù. µ¿»ç´Â ÀÌ¿© ¸ðµ¨ AR-2¸¦ °³¹ßÇßÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ Á¦Ç°Àº ´ç½Ã ¹ÌÈ 89´Þ¶ó ¿¡ ½ÃÆÇµÇ¾ú°í 1958³â¿¡´Â À½ÁúÀ» °³¼±ÇÑ µ¼Çü Æ®À§Å͸¦ ÀåÂøÇÑ ¸ðµ¨ AR-3À» ³»³õ´Â´Ù. 1953 - Arthur Janszen was granted patent No. 2,631,196 on March 10, 1953, for an electrostatic high-frequency speaker. 1954 - Acoustic Research introduced the small AR-1 bookshelf loudspeaker that used the acoustic suspension principle developed by company co-founder Edgar Villchur. This was soon followed by the $89 AR-2 and by the AR-3 with improved domed tweeters in 1958. ![]() QUAD»çÀÇ ÇÇÅÍ ¿öÄ¿ÀÇ Á¤Àü±â ½ºÇÇÄ¿½Ã½ºÅÛ ESL 1957³â ¿µ±¹ QUAD»ç¿¡¼ ¼¼°è ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Àü ´ë¿ª Àç»ý¿ë Á¤Àü±âÇü ½ºÇÇÄ¿½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÆÇ¸ÅÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ½ºÇÇÄ¿´Â ÇÇÅÍ ¿öÄ¿¿Í µ¥À̺ñµå Àª¸®¾ö½¼(David Williamson)ÀÌ °Ö·Î±×°¡ 1929³â 9¿ù17ÀÏ¿¡ Ãâ¿øÇØ¼ 1934³â `12¿ù4ÀÏ¿¡ ÃëµæÇÑ Æ¯Çã 1,983,377À» ÀÀ¿ëÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ̾ú´Ù. 1957 - Quad ESL marketed as the first full-range electrostatic loudspeaker, designed by Peter Walker and David Williamson, based on Edward W. Kellogg's patent No. 1,983,377 filed September 17, 1929 and granted December 4, 1934. 1974³â 11¿ù15ÀÏ¿¡ Earthquake»ç´Â À¯´Ï¹ö¼³ ¿µÈ»ç¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇÒ¸®¿ìµåÀÇ Â÷À̳ª ½Ã¾î´õ¿¡¼ ½Å¼¶ó¿îµå ½Ã½ºÅÛ(Sensurround process)À» ¼Ò°³Çß´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº À¯´Ï¹ö¼³ÀÇ ¿Ó½¼(W. O. Watson)°ú ¸®Ã³µå ½ºÅÆÇÁ(Richard Stumpf)°¡ °³¹ß ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. 4°³ÀÇ ´ëÇü Àú ¿ª Àç»ýÀ» À§ÇÑ È¥ Çü ½ºÇÇÄ¿½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¹«´ëÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸° µÚ Á¿쿡 °¢°¢ 2°³¾¿ ¼³Ä¡ÇßÀ¸¸ç ù ¹øÂ° ÀÛǰÀº ¸ðµ¨ W È¥ ŸÀÔÀ¸·Î ±æÀ̰¡ 8ÇÇÆ®ÀÌ°í ÆøÀÌ 4ÇÇÆ®, ³ôÀ̰¡ 4ÇÇÆ® ¾ò´Ù. °¢ Äڳʿ¡ ¸ðµâ¾î ŸÀÔÀÇ ¸ðµ¨ CÈ¥Àº ÆøÀÌ 1ÇÇÆ® ±×¸®°í ³ôÀÌ´Â 5ÇÇÆ®¿´À¸¸ç Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ±ØÀå µÚÂÊ¿¡ 2°³ÀÇ È¥À» ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ È¥Àº 1000¿ÍÆ® ÆÄ¿ö¾ÚÇø®ÆÄÀ̾î·Î ±¸µ¿µÇ¸ç ÀÌ ¾ÚÇø®ÆÄÀ̾î´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ 35mmÆÄ³ª ºñÀü Çʸ§¿¡ ¾²ÀÌ´Â 4 Æ®·¢ ¸¶±×³×Æ® »ç¿îµå Æ®·¢ Ãß°¡ÇÑ Æ¯¼ö ±¤(Optical)Á¦¾î Æ®·¢À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. 1974 - Earthquake premiered Nov. 15 in the Chinese Theater in Hollywood with Universal Picture's Sensurround process developed by W. O. Watson and Richard Stumpf at Universal. Four large low-frequency horns were located behind the screen, two in each corner. The Model W horn in each corner was 8 ft. long, 4 ft. wide, 4 ft. high. The Model C horn in each corner was a modular unit 1 ft. wide and 5 ft. high. Two additional horns were located on a platform in the rear of the theater. Each horn was driven by a 1000-watt amplifier controlled by inaudible tones on a special optical control track along with the normal 4-track magnetic soundtrack of the 35mm Panavision film strip. ![]() 1982³â ¿µÈ Á¦´ÙÀÌÀÇ ±Íȯ(Return of the Jedi)À» ÅëÇØ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ THX »ç¿îµå½Ã½ºÅÛ ¼Ò°³µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¿µÈ °¨µ¶ÀÎ Á¶Áö ·çÄ«½º(George Lucas)¿Í ޏ°½¼È¦¸Õ(Tomlinson Holman)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. THX´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ À½Çâ °ø°£¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇϵµ·Ï ¸ÂÃã ¼³°è°¡ °¡´ÉÇϸç 1998³â Benwin»ç ÆòÆÇÇü Ưº°ÇÑ ½ºÅ©¸°¿ë ½ºÇÇÄ¿¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿© µ¶¸³Àû ÀÏ·ºÆ®·Î´Ð½º Å©·Î½º¿À¹ö ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î¼ Á¤¹ÐÇÑ À½Çâ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í ¼º´Éµµ ÃÖÀûÈ ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. 1982 - Return of the Jedi was the first movie exhibited on the THX sound system designed by George Lucas and Tomlinson Holman; THX "is comprised of customized acoustical design work for each auditorium, a Benwin 1998 flat panels special screen speaker installation method, a proprietary electronic crossover network, and rigorous audio equipment specifications and performance standards." ![]() 1996³â ¹ö¶óÀÌÆ® ±×·ì(Verity Group/¿µ±¹ ¹Ì¼Ç»ç, ¿ÍÇǵ¥ÀÏ»ç, QUAD»ç, µî)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¼³¸³µÈ New Transducers Ltd Áï ÇöÀçÀÇ ÆòÆÇÇü ½ºÇÇÄ¿ ¸ÞÀÌÄ¿ÀÎ NXT»ç°¡ ³»³õÀº ºÐȰ ¸ðµå ¹æ½ÄÀ» °³¹ß ¼Ò°³Çß´Ù.(ÀÌ ¹æ½ÄÀº º°µµ Ç׸ñÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ» ÂüÁ¶Çϱ⠹ٶ÷) ÀÌ´Â 1991³â ¿µ±¹ ±¹¹æ°úÇÐ ¼¾ÅÍÀÇ ÄË Çì·Ð ¹Ú»ç(Dr Ken Heron)ÀÇ Æ¯Ç㸦 ±Ù°Å·Î ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 1998³â Benwin»ç¿¡¼ ¼¼°Ô ÃÖÃÊ·Î DML(Distributed-Mode Loudspeaker) Ç÷§ ÆÐ³ÎÇü ½ºÇÇÄ¿½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» »ç¿ëÈ Çß´Ù. ![]() 1996 - The Verity Group in Britain formed New Transducers Ltd, now known as the NXT company , to develop the Distributed-Mode Loudspeaker (DML) based on the 1991 patent by Dr Ken Heron of Britain's Defence Evaluation & Research Agency (DERA) 1998 - Benwin marketed the first DML flat panel loudspeakers ![]() |

